• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    REACTOR. A reactor to perform catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component arranged optionally on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component may have fluid ducts to direct fluid flow through the reactor. The reactor component may also have a washer affixed to a top or bottom surface to direct the flow of the fluid.
    公开号:BR112013019035B1
    申请号:R112013019035-3
    申请日:2012-01-27
    公开日:2020-12-22
    发明作者:William A. Whittenberger；Gordon W. Brunson；Brian L. Davis；Todd A. Romesberg；Randall J. Bartos；Joseph W. Whittenberger
    申请人:Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD
    [001] The present invention relates to improved stackable structural reactors, with greater efficiency and productivity and, in particular, to improved stackable structural reactors that have arrangements of components for greater thermal transfer and reaction efficiency. FUNDAMENTALS
    [002] Reformers, such as those used to produce hydrogen, in general, contain reactor tubes exposed to a heating source, such as an oven, to withstand endothermic reactions. Other types of reactions, such as exothermic reactions, may require exposure to a cooling source, such as a cooling jacket. The reactor tubes can be loaded with ceramic pellets impregnated with a catalyst coating to make the reaction. The ceramic pellets break and become damaged over time, and may form a powder in the reactor tubes, which can undesirably obstruct the flow of gas in the reactor tubes and negatively affect thermal transfer. Furthermore, ceramic pellets are limited in terms of the amount of heat that can be transferred along the core of the reactor tube. Low thermal transfer from a heating source located outside the reactor requires high temperature furnaces, higher energy costs and reactor tube walls that can make the reactor tube life shorter or compromised. The poor distribution of ceramic pellets in the core can create zones with poor reaction characteristics and hot spots in the tube, leading to poor performance and / or short life. The reactor's efficiency and productivity can be significantly reduced by limited thermal transfer and gas flow interruptions caused by the inherent properties and structural limitations of ceramic pellets.
    [003] Manufacturers' attempts to improve the ceramic pellets used in the reactor tubes have marginally improved thermal transfer and deterioration, and thus there remains a need for an improved catalyst support that promotes thermal transfer, providing a large area surface and provide a low pressure drop that can be easily implemented at reduced costs. Various ways of making blade supported catalysts for the use of tubular reactors are discussed below. BRIEF SUMMARY
    [004] A reactor is provided to make catalytic reactions. The reactor comprises a fan arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The fan may have radial fluid ducts to direct the fluid along the reactor. Fluid ducts are effective for radially guiding fluid flow towards the reactor tube to aid in thermal transfer. The fan has a top surface, a bottom surface and an outside diameter face. The radial fluid ducts, formed by corrugations in the fan, terminate along the face of the fan's outer diameter to form openings in the fluid duct, for example, triangular openings, which face the reactor tube wall and thus promoting the thermal transfer of the reactor tube into the reactor.
    [005] A stackable structural reactor (SSR) is provided. The SSR comprises a reactor component that has a top surface, a bottom surface and a face with a circular outer diameter. The reactor component can be arranged in a reactor tube, for example, on a central rod disposed inside the reactor tube. A washer having an inner diameter and an outer diameter can be in contact with the top or bottom surface of the reactor component. The washer can extend radially outwardly from the face of the outer circular diameter of the reactor component, so that the outer diameter of the washer does not make contact with the reactor tube, thus creating an annular interstice between the reactor tube and the washer's outer circular diameter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [006] The following figures illustrate various aspects of one or more embodiments, but are not intended to limit the present invention to the embodiments shown.
    [007] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a reactor that has a reactor sleeve loaded with an alternating arrangement of fans and cores.
    [008] FIG. 2 shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with an alternating arrangement of fans and cores arranged on a central rod for use in a reactor tube.
    [009] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a core arranged on the central rod for use in a reactor tube.
    [0010] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of stacked fans having washers positioned between each reactor fan for use in a reactor tube.
    [0011] FIG.5 shows a perspective view of a fan having a washer affixed to the top surface of the fan.
    [0012] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a fan having a washer with spacing tabs affixed to the top surface of the fan.
    [0013] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a portion of a fan having a corrugated washer affixed to the bottom surface of the fan.
    [0014] FIG. 8 shows a top view of a portion of a cast washer for use with a reactor component.
    [0015] FIG. 9 shows a top view of a cast washer affixed to the top surface of the reactor component.
    [0016] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a cast washer having spacing tabs for use with the reactor component.
    [0017] FIG. 11 shows a top view of a reactor component portion having a cast washer adjacent to it.
    [0018] FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a portion of a reactor component having a cast washer with spacing tabs attached thereto.
    [0019] FIG. 13 shows a top view of a portion of a cast iron plate base plate to form a cast iron washer or reactor component.
    [0020] FIG. 14 shows a portion of a cast-iron washer formed from a cast-iron base plate of FIG. 13.
    [0021] FIG. 15A shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with fans arranged vertically on a central rod, with each fan having a single notch around its circumference.
    [0022] FIG. 15B shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with fans arranged vertically on a central rod, with each fan having multiple notches around its circumference.
    [0023] FIG. 16 shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with fans, arranged vertically on a central rod, with each fan having a single notch around its circumference.
    [0024] FIG. 17 shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with fans arranged vertically on a central rod, with each fan having a single notch around its circumference.
    [0025] FIG. 18 shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with fans and alternating cores arranged vertically on the central rods, the central rod having a portion of cavity adapted to fit with another central rod directly below.
    [0026] FIG. 19 shows a side view of a reactor sleeve loaded with fans and alternating cores arranged vertically on a central rod support and a bushing set adapted to fit with another central rod directly below.
    [0027] FIG. 20 shows a side view of a propeller fan arranged on a central rod for use in a reactor tube.
    [0028] FIG. 21 shows a cross-sectional view of a propeller fan arranged on a central rod for use in a reactor tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0029] As used here, when a range such as 5 to 25 is mentioned, this means at least or more than 5 and, separately and independently, less than 25 and no more than 25. Construction materials for everyone the reactor components and parts thereof, as discussed herein, may include any suitable materials known in the art such as, for example, metals, non-ferrous materials, metal, steel, stainless steel blades, alloys, blades, non-metals such as plastics or glass, ceramics, and combinations thereof.
    [0030] The reactors as described herein, sometimes called stackable structural reactors (SSR), may include multiple components arranged around a central support, such as a central rod or mandrel, duct, column or the like to form a section monolith annular cross section, in general, visualized in the direction of the fluid flow along the reactor. As described herein, various modifications and embodiments of the reactors and associated reactor components can be used.
    [0031] An exemplary structure of a reactor 1 is shown in FIG.1. The reactor tube 2 having an inner diameter wall face 2a and an outer diameter wall face 2b, such as a reformer tube, houses reactor components, such as a fan 3 and / or a core 4, arranged on a central rod 5. Reactor tube 2 is generally known in the art and is preferably made of a metal, such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum or Inconel, or special stretch-cast alloys, such as HP50; alternatively (and preferably, if the reaction is a reaction at low temperatures like that of CO to CO2) made of polymeric material or plastic. A tube having a circular, rectangular, oval or other cross section is preferable. The length of the reactor tube 2 can be at least 0.6; 1; two; 4; 6; 8; 10 or 12 m or, preferably, in the range of 0.6 to 2 m or 6 to 15 m. The reactor tube 2 can have a circular cross section with an internal diameter of at least 25, 50.75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 or 250mm and, preferably, in the range of 80 to 140mm. The diameter of the reactor tube 2 is preferably constant throughout its length.
    [0032] The reactor components, such as fans 3 and cores 4, are built to have a central hole or opening to receive the central rod 5, so that the components can slide over the central rod 5 and be positioned in the tube of reactor 2. The central rod 5 may have a section to accommodate the length of the reactor tube 2. Alternatively, multiple rods, such as rods 2 to 10, can be used, for example, in a stacked manner, to accommodate the section of tube 2, which can mitigate the thermal expansion of the components. The rod 5 can have a cross-section with a circular diameter of at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 or 150mm and, preferably, in the range of 6 to 40mm. For fitting purposes, the reactor components may have a central hole or opening equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the circular cross-section of the rod 5. The central rod 5 may further include a support, bushing, base plate or the like for provide a retention fit, so that components 3, 4 do not slide off the central rod 5. The central rod 5 can be preloaded with any number of reactor components 3, 4 or washers, before being inserted in the reactor tube 2. As shown, fans 3 and cores 4 can be stacked vertically on top of each other to form alternating layers of reactor components, so that each fan 3 is in contact with and arranged between two cores 4, located below and above the fan 3.
    [0033] The washers, as described below, can be inserted between one or more reactor components, as desired, for example, each fan and core can be separated by a washer, with the washer creating an open space between the components. Alternatively, in contrast to the alternating layers, the reactor components 3, 4 can be arranged in any way desired, for example, the central rod 5 can be fully loaded with fans 3, without one or more cores 4.
    [0034] In general, from 24 to 400 or more reactor components can be arranged or stacked inside the reactor tube 2, for example, alternately, with the stack arrangement accommodating the flow of fluid along each component of reactor located in reactor tube 2. In one example, a reactor tube for a fluid cell can contain 24 to 72 vertically stacked reactor components. In another example, a reactor tube for a hydrogen reformer can contain 200 to 400 or more vertically stacked reactor components. Although the reactor components are shown here vertically stacked, the components can be arranged in alternative ways, such as the horizontal one to accommodate the orientation of a reactor or certain technological requirements.
    [0035] A fluid, such as a gas or a liquid, when undergoing a reaction, generally flows vertically, or an upward or downward flow, as desired, along reactor tube 2 and along each component 3, 4 arranged on the central rod 5. The reactor components 3, 4 direct the flow of fluid in other non-vertical directions to increase thermal transfer; for example, fans 3 direct or guide fluid flow radially (perpendicular to the total vertical direction) towards the reactor tube wall. As shown, fluid enters reactor tube 2 at opening or inlet 7a, flows along vertically arranged fans 3 and cores 4, and exits reactor tube 2 at opening 7b. The fans 3 and the cores 4 preferably have lateral dimensions so that each component 3, 4 will completely or substantially fill the transverse area of the reactor tube 2. The fans 3 and the cores 4 can be substantially in contact with the surface of the reactor. inner wall 2a of the reactor tube 2, which effectively transfers heat from the outside of the reactor to the reactor components 3, 4 and to the fluid contained therein. The transverse diameter, if circular, of a fan 3 can be at least 20, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 mm and, preferably, in the range of 80 to 135 mm. The fan can have a height of at least 7, 15, 39, 45, 60 or 65 mm and, preferably, in the range of 20 to 40 mm. The transverse diameter, if circular, of a core 4 can be at least 20, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 230 mm and, preferably, in the range of 60 to 120 mm. Core 4 may have a height of at least 6, 15, 30, 45, 60 or 80mm and, preferably, in the range of 10 to 30mm.
    [0036] Preferably, the fans 3 located inside the reactor tube 2 have a smaller diameter than the internal diameter of the reactor tube 2 to create an interstice 8, or free space, between the outer diameter edge or face 3a of the fans 3 and the surface of the inner wall 2a of the reactor tube 2. The interstice 8 between the diameter face of the outer edge 3a of the fans 3 and the surface of the inner wall 2a of the reactor tube 2 can be at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15mm and preferably in the range of 1 to 8mm. As discussed below, the interstice 8 promotes thermal transfer and forces of the fluid flow that moves towards the surface of the inner wall 2a of the reactor wall 2 to be directed back towards the inner portion of the reactor. In other words, the interstice 8 serves to redirect the flow of fluid, so that the fluid can rotate 180 degrees when it comes in contact with the surface of the inner wall 2a of the reactor tube 2.
    [0037] The flow of fluid along the reactor tube 2 can further be altered by adding a seal 6 on the outer edge of a reactor component, such as a core 4, so that the fluid does not flow between the edge of the outer perimeter of each core 4 and the surface of the inner wall 2a of the reactor tube 2. In this way, the seals 2 prevent the fluid flow from deflecting the cores 4 around the perimeter. The seals direct the fluid along each core 4 and into another component, such as a fan 3 located below or above the core4, depending on the direction of the fluid flow. Preferably, the seals 6 are positioned on the edge of the outer diameter of each core 4 and have the shape of a ring to enclose the entire vertical outer diameter and a portion of the upper or lower lateral surface close to the edge of the outer diameter of the core 4. As shown, the fans 3 do not include a seal to prevent fluid from flowing between the outer diameter edge 3a of each fan 3 and the inner wall surface 2a of the reactor tube 2. The seals are not used with the fans so that the fluid flow is directed to the reactor tube wall to promote thermal transfer to the inner portion of the reactor. Examples of alternative structural components are described below in separate embodiments.
    [0038] The arrangement of fans 3 and / or cores 4 in batteries is intended to promote thermal transfer to carry out catalytic reactions. In this way, reactor components 1, such as fans 3 and / or cores 4, or washers can be coated with a catalyst to effectively distribute catalytic contact, with most of the fluid volume flowing along of the reactor. Preferably, the seals are not coated with a catalyst. The catalyst material is known in the art and can include nickel, palladium, platinum, zirconium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, cobalt and aluminum oxide. The arrangement of components in piles 3, 4 is not likely to form dust due to expansion and contraction, since there is not a single mass of ceramic pellets forming a compact bed. Furthermore, it is also unlikely that, with the use of the arrangements discussed here, the expansion and contraction of the reactor tube 2 can have any effect on the catalyst.
    [0039] For efficiency, different reactions and catalytic processes are carried out at different preferred temperatures in reactor 1. In this way, reactor tube 2, fans 3, cores 4 and similar components are selected based on the environment (temperature, pressure, velocity, gas or liquid composition) that they will experience. Suitable materials preferably include those that perform effectively, or most effectively, or efficiently, or most efficiently, and can effectively tolerate process temperatures of at least -20, -10, 0, 4, 10, 15, 10, 25, 30, 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 or 350o C and process temperatures of not more than 1000, 900, 700, 500, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150 , 100, 80, 50, 30 or 27o C.
    [0040] FIG. 2 schematically shows a loaded reactor sleeve 10 having a plurality of fans 3 and cores 4 arranged vertically in alternating order on the central rod 5 for insertion into a reactor tube, for example, as shown in FIG 1. The central rod 5 has a base plate 9 positioned near its bottom portion to support the series of fans 3 and cores 4 vertically aligned on the stem 5. As shown, the base plate 9 can be circular, like a disc or plate, with an opening to fit the central rod 5. As viewed from its top or bottom surface, plate 9 may be a solid disc and may have other openings to allow fluid to flow along and enter the central portions of a component reactor, such as a fan. For example, plate 9 may have perforations, channels, or triangular openings arranged to form a radially distributed configuration. The circular plate extends laterally outward from the central rod 5 so that the bottom surface of a fan 3 or core 4 can be directly over the top surface of the base plate 9. The base plate 9 can have any diameter to the inside diameter of the reactor tube.
    [0041] The base plate 9 can be secured or put in place using a chuck 10 positioned directly below the base plate 9. The chuck 10 acts as a stop for the base plate 9 so that once the base plate slides towards the central rod 5, it stops when in contact with the fixed sleeve 10. The sleeve 10 can be adjusted so that the desired location of the base plate 9 can be changed, depending on the number of components of reactors being stacked on the central rod 5, in the desired location. For example, the base plate 9 can be welded to the central rod 5, or it can be an integrated part of the structure of the central rod 5.
    [0042] In one embodiment, FG.3 shows an example of a spiral wound core 4 positioned on a central rod 5 for use in a reactor tube. The core 4 can be formed by spiraled metal sheets, for example, flat, corrugated or corrugated metal sheets, around its center or a support tube 11 suitable to be fitted on a central rod 5. For example, the metal blade can be attached to the support tube 11, for example, by welding. The metal blade can then be wound around the support tube 11 until the desired diameter for the core 4 is reached. For reasons of fitting, the optional support tube 11 can be used, or affixed, or not affixed (loose) to the core, to fill any empty space between the inner diameter wall of the core 4 or the fan and the outer diameter face of the rod 5. The winding of the spiral core defines one or more annular flow channels, so that fluid can flow at one end 12a of the core 4, along the channels and / or outside the other end 12b of the core 4.
    [0043] The number and density of the annular flow channels can be controlled, as known in the art, by tightly or loosely winding the metal blade around its center in a support tube 11. The thickness of the blade of metal for forming the cores 4 can be selected to optimize the number of channels, for example, a thin metal blade will provide more channels to accommodate fluid flow than a thicker metal blade. The cores, preferably, contain a high density of surface area and thus improve catalytic activity when coated with a catalyst. Any desired number of cores 4 can be stacked on the central stem 5; for example, alternating with one or more fans 3.
    [0044] In one embodiment, FIG. 4 shows multiple fans 3 stacked vertically on top of each other for use with a central rod (not shown) Each fan 3 has a top surface and a bottom surface, so that the bottom surface of a fan 3 is either large or large proximity to or directly in contact with the top surface of the other fan positioned directly below. That is, depending on the topography or bottom surface of a fan 3, which can be uneven or generally flat, the entire top or bottom surface of a fan, or at least a portion of it, if uneven , comes in direct contact with the top or bottom surface of another fan, depending on whether its position is above or below. In cases where a washer separates the fans, at least a portion of the top or bottom surface of the fan is directly in contact with the top or bottom surface of the washer.
    [0045] When arranged on a support tube 11, the fans 3 have multiple radial fluid ducts 13a and 13b to direct the fluid flow along the reactor. As shown, the radial fluid ducts are approximately triangular in shape and extend outwardly from the support tube 11 to form a circular cross section, as viewed from the top of the fans 3. The radial fluid ducts end along the outer face of the diameter of each fan to form triangular openings facing the inner wall surface of the reactor tube. As viewed in the downward direction of the fluid flow, the fluid flows at one end 14a of the fan stack 3, radially along the openly upwardly facing triangular ducts 13a towards the face of the fan outer diameter 3 to contact the reactor tube, around the face of the outside diameter of the fans 3 inside the ducts of triangular shape openly facing downwards 13b, radially towards the center of the fans 3 and towards the next fan and / or the core in the same way until the fluid out of the fan stack 3 at the other end 14b. In an arrangement, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the fans 3 can be stacked in an arrangement that vertically aligns the ducts of approximately triangular shape openly facing upwards 13a of a fan with ducts of approximately triangular shape facing openly downwards 13b of the fan 3 positioned directly above or below.
    [0046] Flat washers 15 are preferably positioned between the top or bottom surfaces of each fan 3. For reasons of fitting and assembly, as described here, the washers can be attached to the fans or positioned loosely (not fixed) ) between each fan. FIG. 4 shows flat washers 15 affixed to the bottom surface of the fans3, while FIG 5 shows a flat washer 15 affixed to the top surface of a fan 3. Flat washer 15 can provide additional structural strength for the fans 3. The washers planes 15, as the various washers described below can be dimensioned so that various positions along the top and bottom surfaces of the reactor component can be achieved. For example, the outer diameter of the washer 15 may lie inside, flush, or extend beyond the face of the outer diameter of a fan 3. As shown, the outer diameter of the flat washer 15 is flush with the face of the outer diameter of the fan 3 .
    [0047] When in operation, the stack of fans 3 with flat washers 15 is positioned on a central rod and the loaded reactor sleeve is inserted into the reactor tube. Flat washers 15 are configured to have the same or slightly smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the reactor tube, as noted above. For example, the outer diameter of the flat washer 15 can be at least 25, 50.75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 or 250mm, and preferably in the range of 80 to 140mm. The flat washer 15 can have a ring width of at least 5, 10.15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40mm, and preferably in the range of 6 to 12mm. The inner diameter of the flat washer 15 can be in the range of 20 to 245mm, or as needed for the desired width 3 of the outer washer, as discussed above. When positioned on or near the top or bottom surface of a fan, the outer diameter of the flat washer 15 can be at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40mm smaller than the face of the diameter outside of the fan, to ensure that the flow of fluid flowing around the face of the outside diameter of a fan is not interrupted. Alternatively, the washer can extend beyond the outside diameter face of a fan to create an interstice between the outside diameter of the washer 15 and the inner wall surface of the reactor tube. The interstice can be at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15 mm and, preferably, in the range of 1 to 8 mm. Depending on the size of the gap created by the washer, the pressure drop can be controlled and adjusted as desired. The interstice ensures that part of the fluid that flows along the reactor is diverted from the washer around its perimeter when it moves along the washer and along the interstice. The by-pass of a fluid around the washer generally does not promote thermal transfer, whereas the flow of fluid over the face of the outside diameter of a fan promotes significant thermal transfer due to turbulence from the corrugated fan. and that the fluid is directed radially out of the fluid ducts.
    [0048] Flat washers 15 can be in close proximity even though they do not come into contact with the surface of the inner wall of the reactor tube, so that a significant portion of the entire fluid moves radially along the triangular duct facing upwards a fan 3 and contact the reactor tube wall and be partially redirected, either along the triangular duct facing down from fan 3, or around the outer diameter of the washer. Flat washers 15 ensure that a significant portion of the flow penetrates the central area of the fan. Flat washers 15 that preferably have a substantially open center, as shown, allow the redirected portion of the fluid to travel back into the triangular ducts of the fan 3 located above or below, depending on the direction of the fluid flow along of the reactor, which fills the center of the fan with fluid. When the fluid moves radially back towards the reactor tube, it is mixed with the portion of fluid that has moved over the outer diameter of the washer. The fans 3, as shown in FIGs. 4 and 5 can be prepared to initially select a corrugated (or finned) strip on the metal blade. The corrugated metal strip may have substantially flat faces or, alternatively, contain wavy or non-uniform faces as shown. The corrugated strip of the metal blade can be fanned to form an annular ring or disc having an internal diameter defining an opening for receiving the central rod. The face of the fan bore can optionally be attached to a support tube 11, for example, by welding, to provide structural support for the fan and to accommodate the reception of the central rod for mounting purposes. The support tube can also be positioned loosely in the inner section of that fan 3 to fill any empty space that can be created when the fan is fitted to the central shaft. The fan-mounted ring also has an outside diameter face that defines the triangular duct faces, as described above and as viewed along the outside diameter surface of the fan.
    [0049] FIG. 6 shows another way and embodiment of a washer, with spacing flaps 15a can be added to the outer diameter of the washer. As shown, the spacing tabs 15a can extend radially outward by at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30mm and, preferably, in the range of 1 to 8mm. The width of the spacing tab 15a can be adjusted as desired. The spacing flaps 15a can be attached to the outer diameter of the washer 15, for example, by welding or, alternatively, the flaps can be an integrated part of the washer.
    [0050] A washer 15 can have one or more spacing tabs 15a, for example, a washer can have at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more spacing tabs 15a. The spacing tabs 15a prevent the outer diameter face of a reactor component from contacting the outer wall surface of a reactor tube. For example, if the outer diameter of a washer 15 is positioned flush with the outer diameter face of a fan 3, as shown, the length of the spacing tabs 15a can maintain a minimum distance so that the outer diameter face of the fan is away from the inner wall of the reactor tube. In another example, the washer, in relation to the fan, may have a smaller outside diameter than the fan. In this case, the spacing tabs may have to be longer to ensure an interstice between the face of the fan's outer diameter and the reactor tube. In both examples, the washer is affixed to the fan to prevent the fan from sliding during operation and to contact the inner wall of the reactor tube.
    [0051] FIG. 7 shows a corrugated washer 16 affixed to the bottom surface of a fan 3 for use in a reactor tube. Alternatively, the corrugated washer 16 can be affixed to the top surface of the fan 3, for example, by welding. As shown, the corrugated washer 16 extends radially beyond the outside diameter of the fan 3. The preferred dimensions of the corrugated washer 16 can be the same or substantially the same as described with respect to the flat washer 15. The corrugated washer 16, as well as the washer plane 15 of FIGs. 4 - 6 can be positioned on the top or bottom surface of a fan to provide a predetermined interstice between the outer diameter face of the washer 16 and the inner wall surface of the reactor tube, so that the fluid flow that is bypass of the washer and pressure drop can be controlled as desired.
    [0052] Although not shown, in another embodiment, a spacer can be attached to the corrugated ring washer 16, for example, on a peak or a corrugated valley. The spacer can be a wire, a piece of metal, such as a rectangular flap, or the like. For example, a piece of metal wire can be welded to washer 16 in an arrangement in which the spacer extends outwardly or radially from the outer diameter of washer 16 and the reactor component to which the washer can be attached and in direction of the surface of the inner wall of the reactor tube. The remaining portion of the spacer that does not extend outwardly can be adjusted to any desired length and, preferably, no greater than the width of the washer ring 16, so that the spacer does not protrude inward, beyond the diameter inner of the washer 16. The length of the metal wire can be adjusted to provide the desired length of the wire extending outward from the washer 16 and / or the reactor component, so that the interstice between the washer 16 and the reactor tube can be controlled. Preferably, the spacer can extend for at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15mm and, preferably, in the range of 1 to 8mm from the face of the outer diameter of the washer.
    [0053] FIG. 8 shows a portion of a cast washer 18 for use with a reactor component, such as a fan 3. Preferably, cast iron washer 18 is configured to have the same or slightly smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the reactor tube . For example, the outer diameter of the cast washer 18 can be at least 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 or 250mm and, preferably, in the range of 80 to 140mm. The cast-iron washer 18 can have a ring width of at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 mm and, preferably, in the range of 6 to 12 mm. The inner diameter of the cast washer 18 can be in the range of 20 to 245mm, or when necessary, for the desired width and the inner diameter of the washer, as discussed above. The cast washer 18 can have notches or grooves 19 in its outer diameter to allow fluid to flow around the perimeter of the washer. The indentations 19 can be of any shape, such as square, triangular, curved or a combination thereof and have any dimensions, for example, the width and depth of the indentations can be adjusted as desired. For example, the depth of the grooves 19 can be at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15mm and, preferably, in the range of 1 to 8mm. As shown in FIG.8, the notches 19 have a generally triangular shape.
    [0054] The cast washer 18 is preferably positioned in a reactor component, so that the entire notch 19 or a portion thereof extends radially beyond the outer diameter face of the reactor component. For example, the notches 19 can extend at least 1, 2, 5, 10 or 15mm beyond the face of the outside diameter of a fan 3. Attached to the fan, the depth of the notches 19 of the cast washer 18 can provide an interstice predetermined between the face of the fan outside diameter 3 and the surface of the inner wall of the reactor tube so that the fluid flow and pressure drop can be controlled. The notches 19 also allow the fluid to flow between the grooves 19 and into the fan fluid ducts above or below the washer 18, depending on the direction of the fluid flow. The depth and width of the notches 19 can be adjusted to control the pressure drop and the amount of fluid flowing over the outer diameter of the washer.
    [0055] As shown, the cast washer 18 can be corrugated to accommodate the peaks or grooves defined by the fluid ducts, such as the triangular face ducts, of a fan or reactor component for fitting purposes. For example, FIG. 9 shows a cast-iron washer 18 affixed to the top surface of a fan 3. The corrugates of cast-iron washer 18 fit and align with the corrugated or corrugated top surface of the triangular fluid ducts facing the fan 3, to ensure a custom fit. To accommodate the shape of a fan 3 or the fluid ducts of a reactor component, the corrugations of the cast washer 18 can be at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13mm and, preferably, in the range of 2 to 7mm.
    [0056] In another embodiment, FIG. 10 shows a portion of a cast-iron washer 20 for use in a reactor component, preferably a bladed blade fan 3. For example, the cast washer 20 can be attached to a fan 3, as shown in FIGs. 4 - 7, or be used with a blade with a spiral-shaped fin. The cast washer 20 preferably has the same inner diameter and ring width as the washer 18 shown in FIGS 8 and 9 discussed above.
    [0057] The cast washer 20 may have spacing flaps 22 to create a predetermined interstice between the face of the outside diameter of a fan 3 and the surface of the inner wall of the reactor tube, so that the outer diameter end of the spacer flaps contact directly with the inner wall of the reactor tube. The spacing flaps 22, measured from the outside diameter face of the triangular corrugations 24 of the cast washer 20, can be at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15mm and, preferably, in the range of 1 to 8mm. The spacing tabs 22 can be attached to the cast washer 20, for example, by welding, or they can be an integrated portion of the washer. As shown, the spacing tabs 22 are positioned over a flat section 23 of the washer 20. The flat sections 23 provide a contact surface for attaching the cast washer 20 to a reactor component such as a fan 3. For example, one or more flat sections 23 can be welded to the top or bottom surfaces of a fan 3 in an arrangement similar to that shown in FIGs. 4 - 7.
    [0058] Positioned between sections 23 of the cast washer 20 are corrugated peaks 25. The corrugated peaks 25 provide flexibility for the cast washer 20, so that it can flex to accommodate an arrangement with a specific component. When in operation, the corrugated peaks 25 fit with the radial fluid ducts of a reactor component. As shown in FIG. 11, the corrugated peaks 25 are positioned in the fluid ducts of a fin blade 27 for use in a reactor tube.
    [0059] FIG. 11 shows a portion of a fin blade viewed from the direction facing the inner wall of a reactor tube. The fin blade 27 is corrugated to provide discrete fluid ducts 28, 29 to direct fluid flow along the reactor. The cast washer 20 can be attached to a fin blade by welding the flat sections 23 with the ends of the fluid ducts 28 or 29. Preferably, the washer 20 is affixed to the fin blade 27 in an arrangement in which the base of the flap spacing 22 begins at the face of the outer diameter of the fin blade 27, with the spacing tab extending outwardly from the face of the outer diameter of the fin blade 27 to the surface of the inner wall of the reactor tube and preferably , comes into contact with the inner wall. For example, FG. 12 shows a perspective view of a portion of the fin blade 27 of FIG. 11 having spacing tabs 22 extending outwardly or radially from the face of the outer diameter of the fin blade 27. As discussed below in relation to FIGs. 20 and 21, a reactor component or fin blade may be a spiral wound with the cast washer ring 20 for insertion into the reactor tube.
    [0060] As discussed here, various ways of making the washers for use with reactor components are described. A method for forming a cast iron washer may include the step of selecting a sheet metal sheet, such as a flat strip of the sheet metal having a length and width to accommodate the dimensions of a cast iron washer. In one example, the width of the metal blade is at least twice the width of the desired ring for a single cast washer, as described above. A series of holes can be drilled in a straight line along the entire length of the metal blade to form a perforated metal blade 30. The holes 32 can be separated from each other or immediately adjacent to each other, depending on the spacing and the size of corrugates and notches in the configured final washer. The diameters of the orifices 32 can be selected to provide predetermined interstices that, when in operation, equalize at a spaced distance between the face of the outside diameter of a reactor component and a reactor tube. The perforated metal blade 30 can be divided into two toothed metal strip strips 30a and 30b. Preferably, the perforated metal sheet 30 is divided into the central diameter of the series of holes 32.
    [0061] The toothed metal strip strips 30a and 30b can be corrugated, as shown in FIG. 14. Toothed sheet metal strips can be corrugated to varying degrees of corrugated density, for example, a corrugated peak can be positioned on each side of a single notch 36. As shown, the sheet metal toothed strip 30b it has corrugated peaks in the center of each notch 36 and on each side of the notch, although this structural placement of the corrugates is not necessary, since the notches 19 thereof will determine which portion of the fluid flows over the outer side of the washer. The strips of corrugated and toothed metal sheets can also be formed into rings to form a cast-iron washer for attachment to a reactor component, such as a fan or a fin blade.
    [0062] In another embodiment, a metal blade can be selected with a width of at least twice that of the desired radius for a fan or a fin blade. Similar to the washer-forming method, a wider metal blade can be drilled with a series of holes along its center and across the entire length before the blade is divided into two toothed strips. The toothed strips can be corrugated and fanned out and into a ring to form a fan having a diameter twice the width of the toothed strip, as measured even from the depth of the notch or radius of the central hole. Depending on the depth of the notches, as determined by the diameter of the holes drilled in the metal blade, a cast iron fan can be formed, the face of the fan outer diameter containing notches along the entire height of the fan face creating a brownish border that controls the interstice. The cast iron fan can optionally be equipped with a washer, however the notches on the fan may be sufficient to create a desired interstice between the outside diameter face and the reactor tube.
    [0063] Various embodiments related to the stack arrangement of the reactor components in a reactor tube, as shown in FIGs. 15 - 17 will now be described. As described herein, the terms nose and nose portion are used interchangeably. FIG. 15A shows a series of fans 40 stacked vertically on a central rod in a reactor tube 42. The outer diameter faces of the fans 40 have a single notch 45 extending evenly around the perimeter of the fan. The notch 45 creates an interstice between the outside diameter face of the fans 40 and the reactor tube 42. The notch 45b can have a radial depth of at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15mm and, preferably, in the range from 1 to 8mm. The depth of the notch 45 also corresponds to the length of the interstice created between the face of the outside diameter of the fans 40 and the inner wall of the reactor tube 42. The notch 45 can be any height and less than the total height of the fans 40 and, preferably, the height of the notch can be at least 4, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50mm and, preferably, in the range of 10 to 30mm.
    [0064] As viewed vertically, the fans 40 have a top nose and a bottom nose, 46a and 46b, respectively. The upper and lower noses extend radially around the perimeter of the fans 40 and define the height of the notches 45. Preferably, as shown, the nose portions 46a, 46b of the fans 40 are in contact with the surface of the inner wall of the cooling tube. reactor 42. In contact with the inner wall surface of the reactor tube 42, the nose portions 46a, 46b of the fans 40 ensure an interstice between the recessed portion of the fan or toothed portion 45 and the reactor wall on which the fluid flowing along the reactor in each fan 40 can flow over the face of the fan outer diameter. The fluid flow is allowed to contact the reactor tube 42 in the toothed portions 45 to promote a thermal transfer, before being redirected back into the reactor core region. Alternatively, the nose portions can be moved away from the reactor tube 42. The upper and lower noses 46a, 46b can be at least 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 35mm in height and preferably , in the range of 5 to 20mm.
    [0065] In the stacked arrangement of FIG. 15A, washers 41 are positioned between each fan 40, so that either the bottom or top surface of each fan 40, or a portion thereof, makes contact with a washer 41. As shown, the outer diameter of the washers 41 is aligned with the inner diameter of each fan 40, or with the recessed inner portion of each notch 45. Alternatively, washers 41 can be positioned so that the outer diameter of washers 41 extends beyond the innermost recessed portion of the notches 45 or inward from it.
    [0066] FIG. 15B shows a series of fans 40 stacked vertically on a central rod 44 in a reactor tube 42. The outer diameter faces of the fans 40 have four notches 45 that extend uniformly around the perimeter of the fan. Although fans 40 are shown with four notches, any number of notches can be included, depending on the height of the fan used and the amount of pressure drop available over the entire length of the reactor. For example, a fan 40 can have at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more notches. The notches 45 can have a height and depth, as described in relation to the notches shown in FIG. 15A.
    [0067] The fans 40 of FIG. 15B have upper, middle and lower noses 46a, 46c and 46b, respectively. The nose portions 46a, 46b, 46c preferably make contact with the reactor tube 42 to ensure an interstice between the recessed fan perimeter or notches 45 and the reactor wall, to allow fluid to flow around the perimeter each fan 40. The nose portions 46a, 46b, 46c can be of a height as described in relation to the nose portion shown in FIG. 15A. The nose portions 46a, 46b, 46c extend radially around the perimeter of each fan 40 to define the notches 45, the middle noses 46c being located between the upper and lower noses 46a, 46b of each fan 40. A FIG 15B shows only fans 40 that have four notches arranged vertically, however, fans having a greater or lesser number of notches can be included in the vertical stack in any desired order. Washers 41 separate each fan 40.
    [0068] In another embodiment, FIG. 16 shows fans 40 separated by washers 41 and stacked on a central rod 44 in a reactor tube 42. The fans 40 have a single nose 48 positioned on the top portion of each fan 40. The face portion of the outside diameter of the fan 40 separate from the noses 48 is recessed to form a notch 49, defining a radial interstice around the perimeter of each fan 40. Arranged vertically, the nose 48 of a fan 40 is adjacent to the bottom portion of the notch 49 of the fan 40 directly above . In this way, the nose 48 of a fan 40, when stacked next to another fan 40 with a single nose 48, defines the height of a single notch 49, as shown. The notch 49 and the nose 40 may have the same dimensions as described above in relation to FIG. 15A. Optionally, the fans 40 of FIG. 16 can be used with the toothed fans of FIGs. 15A and 15B, to provide battery arrangements for different fans in any order.
    [0069] In yet another embodiment, FIG. 17 shows a series of fans 40 stacked on a central rod 44 in a reactor tube 42. The fans 40 have a single nose 50 positioned at the bottom portion of each fan 40. The remaining portion of the outside diameter face of the fans 40 is separated the nose 50 forms a recess for a notch 51 that defines a radial interstice around the perimeter of each fan 40. Attached to the bottom surface of each fan is a washer 52.
    [0070] Washer 52 is retracted so that it does not make contact with reactor tube 42, while nose 50 is in contact with reactor tube 42 and directs fluid flow along the reactor. Washer 52, as well as washers 41 of FIGs. 15 - 16 creates a vertical gap 54 between the fans 40 that is equal to the height of the washer, which can be in the range of 0.1 to 5mm. As shown, washer 52 is a flat ring, however, a corrugated washer can be used and, alternatively, washer 52 can be attached to the top surface of each fan 40. Washer 52 can also be loosely positioned between the fans 40, if not attached to a fan before assembly.
    [0071] As arranged, the bottom nose of each fan 40 has a washer 52 attached to it, with the nose 5 of a fan defining the upper border of a notch 51 and the nose 50 of the fan 40 below defining the lower border of the notch 51. The notch 51 and the nose 50 of the fans can have the same dimensions described above in relation to FIG. 15A. Optionally, the fans 40 of FIG. 17 can be used with the toothed fans of FIGs. 15A, 14B and 15 to provide stack arrangements for different fans in any order, with or without washers.
    [0072] Various embodiments related to the central rod and the bushing and component configurations, as shown in FIGs. 18 - 19 will now be described. FIG. 18 shows two central rods 60, 62 aligned in a vertical stack arrangement to support cores 64 and fans 66, stacked in alternating order inside reactor tube 63. The central rod 60 has a cylindrical cavity 61 in its portion bottom to accommodate another central rod, such as 62, which fits into cavity 61 as shown. The cylindrical cavity may have an internal diameter smaller than the same or slightly larger than the external diameter of the other central stem 62 for fitting purposes. For example, the cylindrical cavity 61 can have a diameter of at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 or 150mm and, preferably, in the range of 6 to 40mm. The internal diameter of the cavity 61 can be adjusted to allow an interstice or gap between the top of the stem 62 and the bottom face of the cavity. The clearance can be at least 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 35mm and, preferably, in the range of 5 to 20mm. The height of the cylindrical cavity 61 can be adjusted as desired; for example, the height can be at least 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500mm.
    [0073] Extending vertically outward from the central rod 60 there is a base plate 68 to support the reactor components 64, 66 in the reactor tube 63. The base plate 68 can be fixed to the central rod 60, for example for example, by welding, or it may be an integrated portion of stem 60. Base plate 68 may be located at the bottom end of central stem 60, as shown, or alternatively plate 68 may be positioned above the bottom end in anywhere along the length of the stem 60, as desired. The base plate 68 may have a solid bottom and top faces to make contact with the reactor components, or alternatively, plate 68 may be perforated to allow fluid to flow along the plate. The base plate 68 can have any desired diameter that is larger than the diameter of the cavity 61, but smaller than the inner diameter of the reactor tube 63. When in operation, a series of rods can be used, having all the same structural features, such as the cylindrical bottom cavity, as one or more rods are aligned to fit each other for arrangements of cores and fans in a reactor tube. Stacking the rods vertically with the projected portions of one rod inserted into the cavity of another rod eliminates or prevents excess interstices between the reactor components. The disassembly of the reactor components can be carried out by pulling the central rods out of the reactor tube, for example, fitting the top of a central rod and pulling upwards. The base plate of each central rod prevents the reactor components from sliding off the central rod during assembly and disassembly of the reactor.
    [0074] FIG. 19 shows a central rod 70 vertically aligned above another central rod 72 in a reactor tube 73. The central rod 70 has a base plate 78 located above the bottom end of the rod 70a to support a stacked fan 76 and core 74 vertically on the stem. Base plate 78 can be positioned anywhere along the length of stem 70 as desired and, preferably, base plate 78 can be at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40mm above from the bottom 70a. Similar to the base plate of FIG. 18, the base plate 78 can be solid or perforated.
    [0075] As shown, the bottom 70a of the central rod 70 is moved away from the top 72a of the central rod 72 within a bushing 71 that circumferentially surrounds a portion of both central rods. The spacing can be the same as the clearance described above in relation to FIG. 18. Bushing 71 can have a diameter of at least 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 or 26mm and a height of at least 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50mm. The bushing 71 can be attached to the bottom portion of the central stem 70 or to the top of the central stem 72, as desired. Alternatively, bushing 71 can be an integrated part of a reactor component, for example, the bushing can be affixed to the central opening of a core 74 or fan 76. As shown, bushing 71 is positioned in the center of a core 74 located on top of a column of reactors aligned on a central rod 72. Positioned in the center of a core 74, the bushing 71 can be an integrated portion of the core structure 74 so that the bushing and core assembly slide towards the central rod 72. Tips 75 can be used directly below the bottom edge of the bushing 71 to keep it in place and prevent the bushing from sliding down the center rod 72. The tapered bottom of the central rod 70 can be inserted into the bushing 71 to create a pile of loaded reactor gloves.
    [0076] As described above, multiple reactor components can be stacked on the rods to load the reactor sleeves which can still be vertically aligned in a reactor. Various embodiments relating to a single reactor component for use in a reactor tube, as shown in FIGs. 20 and 20 will now be described. A helix or spiral wound reactor component, such as a fan or fin blade, can reduce the use of multiple stacked reactor components, for example, a propeller fan may be the only reactor component positioned on a rod central for use in a reactor tube. Optionally, one or more propeller fans or vane blades can be stacked on top of each other, or a double fan vane and core set, or vane and vane blades can be used. FIG. 20 shows a propeller fan 100 fitted to the central rod 102 for use in a reactor tube. The propeller fan 100 can be formed by corrugating the strip of the flat or corrugated metal blade to create substantially triangular corrugations for use as fluid flow ducts. The corrugated strip of the blade can be fanned out to create a ring, the corrugated strip being further fanned out in a spiral to obtain a helical structure as shown. The propeller can be twisted in any direction, clockwise or counterclockwise. The inner diameter of the propeller can optionally be attached to a support tube to provide structural strength for the propeller structure and to accommodate the central stem for mounting purposes. Preferably, the helix structure has a constant outside diameter along its entire length. The face of the outside diameter of the propeller fan 100 can be separated from the inner wall of the reactor tube, for example, the spacing can be at least 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 15mm and, preferably, in the range of 1 at 8mm. The face of the outside diameter of the propeller fan 100 may still have notches or may be cast, the portions of the outside diameter of the face, the nose portions, being in contact with the surface of the inner wall of the reactor tube. The propeller fan 100 has an outside diameter face that defines triangular fluid duct faces, as described above, to receive and direct the flow of fluid along the reactor.
    [0077] The strip of the metal blade used to form the propeller fan may have notches or cutouts on one edge to arrange structural notches or noses along the face of the 100a outer diameter of the propeller fan 100. For example, the face of the outer diameter 100a of the propeller fan 100 can have notch and interstice arrangements, as shown in FIGs. 8 and 15 - 17. Depending on the arrangement of the notches and / or the interstices on the face of the propeller fan outer diameter 100, the entire face, or a portion thereof, may be in contact with the inner wall surface of the tube reactor. As described below, washers and spacers can be used to make contact with the reactor tube and prevent propeller fan 110 from contacting the tube.
    [0078] The propeller fan 100 can have an external diameter of at least 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 or 250mm and, preferably, in the range of 80 to 140mm. When used as a single reactor component, the propeller fan 100 can have a length of at least 0.6; 1; two; 4; 6; 8; 10 or 15m and, preferably, in the range of 0.6 to 2m. The propeller fan can be formed with a twist or tilt angle of at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 degrees and, preferably, in the range of 5 to 40 degrees, and, more preferably, in the range of 10 to 35 degrees.
    [0079] Depending on the length of the propeller fan 100 and the torsion or tilt angle, any number of spirals can be used. A single spiral can be measured as the portion of the helix that completes a complete circumference. The propeller fan 100 can have at least 24, 48, 72, 96, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 or 450 spirals and, preferably in the range of 24 to 96 spirals. The propeller fan 100 can be coated with a catalyst, as desired and, preferably, the entire surface of the propeller fan is coated.
    [0080] The propeller fan 100 can optionally have a propeller washer 104 that can be flat, corrugated or cast. Due to the flexibility provided by the corrugated, a corrugated propeller washer is preferred. In addition, the corrugates and / or the peaks and valleys of a propeller washer 104 can align with the propeller fan 100 corrugates. The flexibility of the propeller washer 104 is desirable to form a continuous arc when installing the fan in propeller 100. Propeller washer 104 can be affixed to the bottom or top surface of propeller fan 100 and, preferably, propeller washer 104 extends along the entire length of propeller fan 100. In a similar arrangement As with the washers described above, the washer and propeller 104 is a ring that is preferably located on the edge of the outer circumference of the propeller fan 100. The propeller washer 104 can extend inward or outward from the face of the outer diameter 100a propeller fan, or level with it. The propeller washer 104, when it extends outwardly from the face of the outer diameter 100a of the propeller fan 100, preferably does not come into contact with the surface of the inner wall of a reactor tube, and an interstice is left between the outer diameter of the propeller washer 104 and the reactor tube. The interstice created by the helical washer 104 can be the same as that described above, for example, in FIGs. 5 - 7. Likewise, the dimensions of the width of the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the ring of the propeller washer 104 can be the same as described above, for example, in FIGs. from 5 - 7. In another aspect, the helical washer may be cast and / or may have spacers or spacer tabs, as described and shown in FIGs. from 8 - 14.
    [0081] In another embodiment, the propeller fan 100 can be layered with other reactor components, such as a core, to create a dual propeller reactor component. For example, a core can be coiled or fanned, with the corrugated blade used to make the 100 propeller fan, to create a double helix, which contains alternating layers, as viewed from the side of the fans and cores. Optionally, a double helix arrangement can have one or more helical washers to create interstices between the outer diameter of the washer and the inner wall surface of the reactor tube. The outer diameter faces of the fan and / or the core are preferably spaced away from the inner wall of the reactor tube, as discussed in relation to the propeller fan 100.
    [0082] FIG. 21 shows a cross-sectional view of a propeller fan arrangement in a reactor tube. Since the propeller fan 110 has an internal diameter associated with a central fan opening 110, a void 116 is created. The central interstice 116 of the propeller fan 110 can be filled with a loose aggregate of particles 118. Particles 118 can be made of ceramic, metal or combinations thereof, as is known in the art. Particles 118 are preferably spherical or spheroidal, or substantially spheroidal or coarse or somewhat spheroidal or rounded or misshapen spheroidal or elliptical, oval, non-uniform or formed bodies such as pellets, granules, gravel, pebbles found on beaches or in bedrocks. water courses. Particles 118 can also be cylindrical or have other shapes.
    [0083] Particles 118 can function to maintain a minimum internal diameter of the propeller fan 110 and thus secure the face of the outer diameter of the propeller fan 110 or of the propeller washer 112 against the inner wall of the reactor tube 114 Maintaining contact with the inner wall surface of reactor tube 144 with a filled central space 116 significantly prevents the fluid from being concentrated along the center of the propeller fan 110. Before filling free space 116 of the fan on propeller 110, a sealing tube 119 can be inserted to serve as a barrier between the face of the propeller fan outer diameter 110 and the loose aggregate. The sealing tube 119 can be attached or not attached to the propeller fan 110 and, preferably, the sealing tube 119 has a height equal to that of the propeller fan 110. The sealing tube can be in direct contact with the face of the diameter propeller fan internal 110 or away from the internal face, as desired.
    [0084] The single propeller reactor component, shown in FIGs. 20 and 21, provides distinct advantages over arrangements that have multiple components. For example, a single component requires coating that saves production time and costs. Furthermore, with the use of a single reactor component, the fixed outside diameter is maintained, which results in a more consistent flow when compared to multiple reactor components of varying diameters.
    [0085] Although various embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been shown and described it is understood that the invention is not limited to them and is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications, as is known to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, this invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein, and includes all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the attached claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    1. Stackable structural reactor (1) to perform catalytic reactions, comprising a fan (3) arranged on a central rod (5) in a reactor tube (2), the fan (3) being a corrugated disc having a central opening for receiving the central rod (5) and having radial fluid ducts (13a, 13b) to direct the fluid flow along the reactor (1), the fluid ducts (13a, 13b) being effective to guide the fluid flow radially to come into contact with the reactor tube (2) and thus assist in thermal transfer, the fan (3) having a top surface, a bottom surface and an outside diameter face, characterized by the fact that the fluid ducts radials (13a, 13b) terminate along the face of the fan's outer diameter (3) to form openings in the fluid ducts facing the reactor tube (2), the fan (3) being supported on the central rod (5) ) with the ducts to create the radial flow inside and outside the reactor (1), instead of holes in an insert that create gas jets.
    [0002]
    2. Reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a core (4) arranged in the central rod (5).
    [0003]
    3. Reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a washer (15), being in the form of a ring having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the washer (15) in contact with the top surface or bottom surface of the fan (3), the outer diameter of the washer (15) extending radially outwardly from the face of the outer diameter of the fan (3).
    [0004]
    4. Reactor (1) according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the washer (15) still has spacing flaps (15a) extending outwards from the outer diameter of the washer (15).
    [0005]
    Reactor (1) according to either of claims 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the washer (15) or the spacing flaps (15a) are in contact with the reactor tube (2) and the face of the outside diameter of the fan (3) is not in contact with the reactor tube (2).
    [0006]
    6. Reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the central rod (5) has a base plate (9) to support the fan (3) arranged on the central rod (5), extending to base plate (9) radially outward from the central rod (5).
    [0007]
    Reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the central rod (60) has a top end and a bottom end, the central rod (60) having a cylindrical cavity (61) at the end top or bottom end to receive a portion of another central rod.
    [0008]
    8. Reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the face of the fan outer diameter (3) has a notch extending around the perimeter of the fan (3), the notch being an annular channel to the around the face of the fan outer diameter (3).
    [0009]
    9. Reactor (1) according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the face of the outside diameter still has one or more nose portions, the one or more nose portions defining the notch and leaving one or more portions of nose nose in contact with the reactor tube (2).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112013019035B1|2020-12-22|stackable structural reactor to perform catalytic reactions
    US20120193079A1|2012-08-02|Heat Exchanging Insert and Method for Fabricating Same
    US4357991A|1982-11-09|Heat exchanger having improved tube layout
    EP2226602B1|2013-03-27|Heat exchange tube
    BRPI0822587B1|2020-09-15|CHANNEL SYSTEM TO OPTIMIZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE FALL AND TRANSFER OF HEAT, HUMIDITY AND / OR MASS OF FLUIDS
    US8257669B2|2012-09-04|Multi-tube chemical reactor with tessellated heat transfer fins
    BRPI0718526A2|2013-11-12|REACTOR AND PROCESS TO PERFORM A CONTINUOUS OXIDESIDROGENATION OF A HYDROCARBON POWER GAS CURRENT
    EP0382098B1|1993-09-22|Multi-tube type heat transfer apparatus
    JP2006510471A|2006-03-30|Jacketed tube reactor for catalytic gas phase reactions.
    US20210018278A1|2021-01-21|Continuous helical baffle heat exchanger
    JP2020511763A|2020-04-16|Electric heater
    BR112014024443B1|2020-11-03|stackable structural reactor
    JP2000026101A|2000-01-25|Apparatus for reforming fuel
    CN111102860A|2020-05-05|Phase change cold storage device with vortex coil pipe
    NZ612924B2|2015-02-03|Improved stackable structural reactors
    KR20190039523A|2019-04-12|Supply outflow heat exchanger
    TW202045877A|2020-12-16|Helically baffled heat exchanger
    CN213051332U|2021-04-27|Structure for mixed treatment of molding powder coated on coiled material
    CN209926938U|2020-01-10|Heat exchanger
    WO2013151108A1|2013-10-10|Multi-tubular reactor and multi-tubular reactor design and fabrication method
    PL33719B1|1949-08-31|Spiral heat exchanger
    JPH11179190A|1999-07-06|Reformer
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    MY172790A|2019-12-12|
    CN103402617A|2013-11-20|
    EP2667962A4|2018-04-04|
    AU2012211161A1|2013-07-25|
    KR101940827B1|2019-01-21|
    CA2824785A1|2012-08-02|
    CA2824785C|2019-09-17|
    RU2013139730A|2015-03-10|
    RU2570004C2|2015-12-10|
    JP2014505591A|2014-03-06|
    NZ612924A|2014-10-31|
    US20140205506A1|2014-07-24|
    JP5936624B2|2016-06-22|
    US9751073B2|2017-09-05|
    ZA201305244B|2015-01-28|
    EP2667962A2|2013-12-04|
    BR112013019035A2|2017-03-21|
    US20160038911A1|2016-02-11|
    SG191898A1|2013-08-30|
    MX2013008236A|2014-01-31|
    US9216394B2|2015-12-22|
    WO2012103432A3|2012-09-13|
    MX337847B|2016-03-22|
    US20120195801A1|2012-08-02|
    WO2012103432A2|2012-08-02|
    KR20140006929A|2014-01-16|
    US8721973B2|2014-05-13|
    AU2012211161B2|2016-11-10|
    CN103402617B|2015-12-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR1373876A|1962-08-31|1964-10-02|Shell Int Research|Device for bringing liquid and gas into contact|
    JPS511668B2|1972-11-29|1976-01-19|
    CH597866A5|1975-11-25|1978-04-14|Castella Pierre De|
    JPS598401B2|1976-08-20|1984-02-24|Urajimiroitsuchi Shafuranofusukii Arekusandoru|
    JPS5547625Y2|1977-11-02|1980-11-07|
    GB2057908A|1979-09-06|1981-04-08|Ici Ltd|Fluid-solid contact|
    JPH0512017B2|1989-04-17|1993-02-17|Fuirutoreeshon Kk|
    JP3179086B2|1990-03-07|2001-06-25|冷化工業株式会社|Mixing device|
    US5161368A|1991-05-20|1992-11-10|Alphonse Pomerleau|Stationary reactor and rotary motor|
    JP3247200B2|1993-04-27|2002-01-15|花王株式会社|Gas-liquid contact device|
    JPH10216495A|1997-02-12|1998-08-18|Kankyo Kagaku Kogyo Kk|Static fluid mixer|
    JPH10328543A|1997-06-02|1998-12-15|Kankyo Kagaku Kogyo Kk|Still fluid mixer|
    CA2225293A1|1997-12-19|1999-06-19|Gas Liquids Engineering Ltd.|Structured packing for an exchange column|
    US6334769B1|1999-07-27|2002-01-01|United Technologies Corporation|Catalytic combustor and method of operating same|
    JP3737003B2|1999-12-06|2006-01-18|独立行政法人石油天然ガス・金属鉱物資源機構|Multiphase fluid mixing method and apparatus|
    US6227699B1|1999-12-20|2001-05-08|Corning Incorporated|Spiral cut honeycomb body for fluid mixing|
    JP3677424B2|2000-01-26|2005-08-03|株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド|Static mixer element|
    US6544310B2|2001-05-24|2003-04-08|Fleetguard, Inc.|Exhaust aftertreatment filter with particulate distribution pattern|
    US7090487B2|2002-01-22|2006-08-15|Catacel Corp.|Catalytic combustor having high cell density|
    US7074962B2|2002-02-15|2006-07-11|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.|Catalyst holder and agitation system for converting stirred tank reactor to fixed bed reactor|
    JP4189166B2|2002-04-11|2008-12-03|積水化学工業株式会社|Method for producing thermally expandable microcapsules|
    US7077999B2|2002-05-23|2006-07-18|Catacel Corp.|Monolith for imparting swirl to a gas stream|
    EP1542790B1|2002-05-28|2012-07-18|Fluor Corporation|Methods and apparatus for mixing and distributing fluids|
    JP2004041857A|2002-07-09|2004-02-12|Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd|Filler|
    US6920920B2|2003-04-16|2005-07-26|Catacel Corporation|Heat exchanger|
    US7150099B2|2004-03-30|2006-12-19|Catacel Corp.|Heat exchanger for high-temperature applications|
    US7566487B2|2004-07-07|2009-07-28|Jonathan Jay Feinstein|Reactor with primary and secondary channels|
    US7320778B2|2004-07-21|2008-01-22|Catacel Corp.|High-performance catalyst support|
    JP4731943B2|2005-02-16|2011-07-27|東京瓦斯株式会社|Annular reactor, manufacturing method thereof and sealing method|
    US7565743B2|2005-04-14|2009-07-28|Catacel Corp.|Method for insertion and removal of a catalytic reactor cartridge|
    US7472936B2|2005-04-14|2009-01-06|Catacel Corp.|Tool for insertion and removal of a catalytic reactor cartridge|
    US20060230613A1|2005-04-14|2006-10-19|Catacel Corporation|Catalytic reactor cartridge|
    US7682580B2|2005-05-19|2010-03-23|Catacel Corp.|Catalytic reactor having radial leaves|
    JP5105270B2|2005-07-22|2012-12-26|株式会社アネモス|Mixing element and static fluid mixer using the same|
    US7501102B2|2005-07-28|2009-03-10|Catacel Corp.|Reactor having improved heat transfer|
    US8047272B2|2005-09-13|2011-11-01|Catacel Corp.|High-temperature heat exchanger|
    US7591301B2|2005-09-13|2009-09-22|Catacel Corp.|Low-cost high-temperature heat exchanger|
    US7594326B2|2005-09-13|2009-09-29|Catacel Corp.|Method for making a low-cost high-temperature heat exchanger|
    US7906079B2|2006-12-14|2011-03-15|Catacel Corp.|Stackable structural reactor|
    JP2008161822A|2006-12-28|2008-07-17|Daikin Ind Ltd|Gas dissolving device and microbubble feeding device|
    JP2009106804A|2007-10-26|2009-05-21|Hitachi Zosen Corp|Stirrer|
    US8178075B2|2008-08-13|2012-05-15|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.|Tubular reactor with jet impingement heat transfer|
    US7871579B2|2008-08-13|2011-01-18|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.|Tubular reactor with expandable insert|
    EP2667962A4|2011-01-28|2018-04-04|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Improved stackable structural reactors|EP2667962A4|2011-01-28|2018-04-04|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Improved stackable structural reactors|
    IN2014DN08104A|2012-04-02|2015-05-01|Johnson Matthey Plc|
    CA2868826C|2012-04-03|2020-05-26|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Expanding centers for stackable structural reactors|
    US9643150B2|2013-05-06|2017-05-09|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Tools for installing reactor components|
    WO2014194185A1|2013-05-31|2014-12-04|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Installation tools for structured catalysts|
    CA2937121A1|2014-01-29|2015-08-20|William A. Whittenberger|Seals for use with catalyst structures|
    GB201403788D0|2014-03-04|2014-04-16|Johnson Matthey Plc|Catalyst arrangement|
    GB201403787D0|2014-03-04|2014-04-16|Johnson Matthey Plc|Steam reforming|
    DE102015110120A1|2015-06-24|2016-12-29|Thyssenkrupp Ag|Optimization of the heat balance in reformers by using metallic catalyst carriers|
    JP6728781B2|2016-03-03|2020-07-22|株式会社Ihi|Reactor|
    AU2017269945B2|2016-05-23|2021-07-01|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Expandable centre arrangement|
    US10557091B2|2016-07-28|2020-02-11|Uop Llc|Process for increasing hydrocarbon yield from catalytic reformer|
    EP3296255A1|2016-09-14|2018-03-21|L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude|Reformer tube with structured catalyst and improved temperature control|
    US10626014B2|2017-07-25|2020-04-21|Praxiar Technology, Inc.|Reactor packing with preferential flow catalyst|
    CA3086516A1|2017-12-20|2019-06-27|Bd Energy Systems, Llc|Micro reformer|
    US10583412B1|2019-08-26|2020-03-10|Uop Llc|Apparatus for catalytic reforming hydrocarbons having flow distributor and process for reforming hydrocarbons|
    US10933395B1|2019-08-26|2021-03-02|Uop Llc|Apparatus for catalytic reforming hydrocarbons having flow distributor and process for reforming hydrocarbons|
    US11084019B2|2019-09-12|2021-08-10|Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company|Method and tool for installing reactor components|
    GB202009969D0|2020-06-30|2020-08-12|Johnson Matthey Plc|Low-carbon hydrogen process|
    GB202012614D0|2020-08-13|2020-09-30|Johnson Matthey Plc|Steam reforming|
    GB202117591D0|2021-12-06|2022-01-19|Johnson Matthey Plc|Method for retrofitting a hydrogen production unit|
    法律状态:
    2018-01-30| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: CATACEL CORP. (US) |
    2018-02-14| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: JOHNSON MATTHEY PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY (GB) |
    2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-07-09| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-02| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-20| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-22| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 27/01/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201161437103P| true| 2011-01-28|2011-01-28|
    US61/437,103|2011-01-28|
    PCT/US2012/022888|WO2012103432A2|2011-01-28|2012-01-27|Improved stackable structural reactors|
    [返回顶部]